Eclipses Used To Be Terrifying

This video is supported by the NASA Heliophysics Education Activation Team (NASA HEAT), part of NASA’s Science Activation portfolio. Because eclipses are powerful and frightening events, ancient cultures went to great lengths to understand eclipses, leading to remarkably accurate predictions and helping invent the science of astronomy. LEARN MORE ************** To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: - Saros: a period of about 18 years between repetitions of solar and lunar eclipses. If you liked this week’s video, you might also like: The Five Millenium Canon of Solar Eclipses - https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEpubs/5MCSE.html SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* Cameron Duke | Script Writer, Narrator and Director Sarah Berman | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info OTHER CREDITS ***************** Stonehenge Midsummer Sunrise 2013 Photo by: Flickr user Stonehenge Stone Circle https://www.flickr.com/photos/stonehenge-stone-circle/8980676956/ Bamboo Annals: double dawn Liu, Liu, and Ma, 2003, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (ISSN 1440-2807), Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 53 - 63, Figure 2. Bamboo Annals: double dawn. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/2003JAHH....6...53L/0000060.000.html Cuneiform tablet: ephemeris of eclipses https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/321969 Seleucid ca. 4th–2nd century BCE / Met Museum Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC) Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses Saros series (via NASA) Adapted from a Map illustration by Michael Zeiler Paths of totality from eclipse calculator by Xavier Jubier Eclipse predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Many Saros Series Adapted from: https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEatlas/SEatlas3/SEatlas2041.GIF Credit: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA GSFC Emeritus. OUR STAFF ************ Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Cameron Duke Arcadi Garcia i Rius • David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | https://instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | https://facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | https://minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176 REFERENCES ************** Brown, Daniel. “Blood Moon: Lunar Eclipse Myths from around the World.” The Conversation, theconversation.com/blood-moon-lunar-eclipse-myths-from-around-the-world-100548 Carman, Christián C., and James Evans. “On the Epoch of the Antikythera Mechanism and Its Eclipse Predictor.” Archive for History of Exact Sciences, vol. 68, no. 6, Nov. 2014, pp. 693–774, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00407-014-0145-5 COLTON, R., and R. L. MARTIN. “Eclipse Cycles and Eclipses at Stonehenge.” Nature, vol. 213, no. 5075, Feb. 1967, pp. 476–478, https://doi.org/10.1038/213476a0 de Jong, T., and W. H. van Soldt. “The Earliest Known Solar Eclipse Record Redated.” Nature, vol. 338, no. 6212, Mar. 1989, pp. 238–240, https://doi.org/10.1038/338238a0 Espenak, Fred. “NASA - Eclipses and the Saros.” Eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov, eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros.html Espenak, Fred, and Jean Meeus. Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses. 7 Aug. 2021. Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses. 30 July 2021. HAWKINS, GERALD S. “Stonehenge: A Neolithic Computer.” Nature, vol. 202, no. 4939, June 1964, pp. 1258–1261, https://doi.org/10.1038/2021258a0 Hermann Hunger, and David Pingree. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden ; Boston, Brill, 1999. HOYLE, FRED. “Stonehenge–an Eclipse Predictor.” Nature, vol. 211, no. 5048, July 1966, pp. 454–456, www.nature.com/articles/211454a0.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1038/211454a0 Liu, C., et al. “Examination of Early Chinese Records of Solar Eclipses.” Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, vol. 6, no. 1, 2003, pp. 53–63, adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2003JAHH....6...53L “NASA - Sun-Earth Day - Technology through Time - Babylon”. sunearthday.nasa.gov/2006/locations/babylon.php. Rubio, Gonzalo. “How Eclipses Were Regarded as Omens in the Ancient World.” The Conversation, theconversation.com/how-eclipses-were-regarded-as-omens-in-the-ancient-world-81248 Tsu, Wen Shion. “A Statistical Survey of Solar Eclipses in Chinese History.” Popular Astronomy, vol. 42, no. 136, 1934, adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1934PA.....42..136T