Why Flushing Isn't For Everyone

This video was made in partnership with Bill Gates. To learn more about how we can help improve the lives and health of people around the world, visit https://gatesnotes.com Sewers are a great way to make pooping safe, but they’re not always the right solution because they require specific resources that many places just don’t have. LEARN MORE ************** To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: - Sewage system: A network of pipes that conveys sewage from a point of origin to a treatment plant. - Fecal pathogens: Bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can infect people through feces contamination. - Utility decentralization: The process of bringing the production of utilities like energy closer to the place it is consumed instead of from a central location farther away. - Reuse of human excreta: The safe or beneficial reuse of treated human poop for things like fuel or fertilizer. SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* David Goldenberg | Script Writer, Narrator and Director Sarah Berman | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info OUR STAFF ************ Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Cameron Duke Arcadi Garcia i Rius • David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | https://instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | https://facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | https://minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176 REFERENCES ************** Kone, Doulaye (2023). Personal Communication. Deputy Director, Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene. Gates Foundation. Retrieved from: https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/leadership/doulaye-kone Obradović, Dino, Marija Šperac, and Saša Marenjak. 2023. "Challenges in Sewer System Maintenance" Encyclopedia 3, no. 1: 122-142. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3010010 Kruzman, D. (2022). “Cities are investing billions in new sewage systems. They’re already obsolete.” Grist. Retrieved from: https://grist.org/cities/cities-are-investing-billions-in-new-sewage-systems-theyre-already-obsolete/ Root, R. (2020). “When are sewers the best option for improved sanitation?” Devex. Retrieved from: https://www.devex.com/news/when-are-sewers-the-best-option-for-improved-sanitation-97983 Kone, D. (2021). “The future of sanitation: 10 years of reinventing the toilet.” Gates Foundation. Retrieved from: https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ideas/articles/sanitation-reinvent-toilet Cisneros B. J. (2011). Safe Sanitation in Low Economic Development Areas. Treatise on Water Science, 147–200. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53199-5.00082-8 Fernholz, T. (2014). More people around the world have cell phones than ever had land-lines. Quartz. Retrieved from: https://qz.com/179897/more-people-around-the-world-have-cell-phones-than-ever-had-land-lines Bovarnick, B. and Dach, E. (2014). Electricity without the Grid. Center for American Progress. Retrieved from: https://www.americanprogress.org/article/electricity-without-the-grid/