Environmental impact assessment of extracting, processing and transporting oil and gas

The law of Ukraine “On environmental impact assessment’ (https://www.mcl.kiev.ua) defines the following types of activity that negatively affect on environment and are the subject of EIA (https://www.mcl.kiev.ua ): – oil refinery and gas-processing plants (except enterprises that produce only lubricants from raw oil), gasification units or liquefaction of coal or bituminous shale; – oil and gas extraction on the continental shelf; – pipes for transport oil, gas, chemical substances diameter more than 800 millimeters and length of more than 40 kilometers; – facilities for storing of oil, petrochemicals and chemicals with a capacity of 200 thousand tons or more. These types of activity refer to the first category, and it means, that documents in the process EIA (https://www.mcl.kiev.ua) should be submitted to the Ministry of ecology and natural resources of Ukraine. How do activities of mentioned below objects impact on environment and human health? Oil refineries are the main pollutants of atmospheric air. The pollutant substances that emitted into the atmosphere by the oil refineries are plum bum, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, benzene, dioxins and chlorine. Emissions with plum bum lead and accumulate in soil. Moreover, the emissions of pollutants of oil refineries cause greenhouse effect that destroys ozone layer of planet. There is a threat of soil pollution by oil and petrochemicals during well drilling and pipeline transport. Spilled oil is absorbed by interstices of soil, and its physical and chemical composition changes. It reduces the drainage capacity of the soil and disrupts the feeding of root systems of plants and trees. The process of environmental impact assessment (https://www.mcl.kiev.ua) of extraction and transportation of oil and gas, and also, oil refineries should includes the researches of impact on atmospheric air, soils and water bodies (if available). The report of environmental impact assessment (https://www.mcl.kiev.ua) must consist of the results of these researches, prognosis of possible impact in future times and measures of its reducing on environment and human health.