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Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetishism
The term "fetish" has evolved from an idiom used to describe a type of objects
created in the interaction between European travelers and Africans in the early
modern period to an analytical term that played a central role in the perception
and study of non-Western art in general and African art in particular.
William Pietz, who conducted an extensive ethno-historical study of the fetish,
argues that the term originated in the coast of West Africa during the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries. Pietz distinguishes between, on the one hand, actual
African objects that may be called fetishes in Europe, together with the
indigenous theories of them, and on the other hand, "fetish," an idea, and an
idea of a kind of object, to which the term above applies. According to Pietz,
the post-colonial concept of "fetish" emerged out of the encounter between
Europeans, a feudalistic society with a Catholic theological tradition, and
Africans in a very specific historical context and in response to African
material culture.