Why Turkey will never catch up to Industry 4.0?

Turkey is striving to transition from a foreign credit driven growth mode to high-tech exports and to an innovation society. While intentions are solid, policies work in the opposite direction. The education system is arcane, freedom of expression and judicial independence are lacking. The government doesn’t even understand how high-tech industries and the participants therein operate. In the recent INSEAD survey, Turkey’s labor competitiveness ranked 78th, receding four places vs 2018. Brain drain is visible. Cronyism destroys incentives for innovation and hard work.